Impact of Great Depression on International Relations in...

Impact of Great Depression on International Relations in the 1930s In the early 1920s the Great Depression hit. The chaos caused by the First World War was the main reason for the Great Depression. The USA had lent large amounts of money to other countries to help with their damages from the war. The loans that the USA made helped the countries to recover trade. Many countries tried to protect their industries by putting taxes on imports. In 1930 USA the biggest trading nation in the world also raised their taxes. This made the world trade suffer badly as it made it difficult to sell goods to America. World trade was already very difficult so when the Wall Street Crash hit there was a†¦show more content†¦Interviews were very rare so people tried to make the best impression possible. Hitler had decided to take back the land, which he lost in the First World War. The other countries were also suffering the Depression. They were trying to build up their countries so they tried to ignore Germanys invasions. This was a great opportunity for Hitler. However this lead to aggression, which lead to the build up, of World War Two. The leader of Italy Mussolini wanted to distract the attention from economic problems by enlarging the Italian empire in Africa. Italy had lost over 40% of its imports because of the Wall Street Crash and 30% of its exports. Mussolini wanted to fight in a war and create a giant empire. Mussolini wanted to gain coal, iron and steel. He also felt that he needed to invade Abyssinia as revenge for there defeat in 1896. Abyssinia was an independent country and was part of the league. The league was meant to protect Abyssinia in any problems. In 1935 Italy invaded Abyssinia using tanks, poison gas, bombs and flamethrowers whereas Abyssinia had troops armed with spears and out-dated rifles. As a result of this invasion Italy left the league and allied with Germany. This weakened the league. People started to undermine the league. This was a loss to the league because Italy was one of the biggest countries in theShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at the 1920s1642 Words   |  7 Pagesprofessi onal management, under control of a bureaucracy headed by hired executives. The regulating or coordinating authorities or public bodies was weak. Prior to 1930, there was a degree of freedom of business activity, protected from state interference, without any parallel with the business environment, which was more regulated after the Great Depression. The First World War was beneficial to the North American economy. They were separated by the Atlantic Ocean from the conflict, and became the major suppliersRead MoreThe Great Depression Of 19291473 Words   |  6 PagesThe first economic collapse of its magnitude, the Great Depression of 1929, produced devastating effects with lasting longevity. Though born in America, it maintained its origin and spread rapidly throughout the industrial world. The election of President Franklin D. Roosevelt brought upon changes that improved America’s overall economic situation. A new leader’s viewpoint along with The New Deal and its reform programs, and a second World War improved the conditions brought about by the economicRead MoreThe Great Depression And Economic Depression E ssay3400 Words   |  14 PagesSummary The Great Depression was an economic depreciation in Europe, North America and other industrialized areas globally that commenced in 1929 and endured until about 1939. The depression stirred severe effects in the U.S.A that left its economy on the brink of a downfall. The research investigates the causes and reasons that influenced the great recession in the United States of America. The causes comprise of the hazardous decline of the Stock Market in that occurred in 1929 which sent theRead MoreItaly During The World War II1455 Words   |  6 Pagesidea which was fascism, Germany was qualified for their ideal requirements. Then, Germany, Italy, and Japan signed Pact of Steel. The two Contracting Parties are aware of the importance of their joint relations to the Powers which are friendly to them. They are determined to maintain these relations in future and to promote the adequate development of the common interests which bind them to these Powers. According to the article â€Å"Hitler s Italian Allies: Royal Armed Forces, Fascist Regime, andRead MoreInternational Economic Organizations Are The Interest Of Rich And Poor Countries As A Case Study708 Words   |  3 PagesINTRODUCTION International economic organizations such as the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World World Bank have been challenged on whether they represent the interest of rich and poor countries equally. These institutions, created by the world powerful states, are thought to be more incline with the interests of major western powers such as the United states and Great Britain. As the world was still engaged in the Second World War, forty-four nations met at Bretton wood, New HampshireRead MoreWar I And World War II1264 Words   |  6 Pagesfrom each other. World War I (WWI) strengthened our international relations with many countries, It also deteriorated some relations as well and set the stage for America becoming a great power. World War II (WWII) had some of the same effects, solidating our bond with the Allies and breaking others, but also it had many differences. Our post-war foreign policy after WWI consisted of alliances, power, money, and enemies. After the war, our relations with England and France mainly were strengthenedRead MoreIsolationism And The Great Depression And World War II1172 Words   |  5 Pagesforeign policy of isolationism that led to the Great Depression and World War II. However, this is a historical misconception known as the myth of isolationism because the U.S. followed a foreign policy in the 1920s called independent internationalism, which was a new idea to promote economic diplomacy through peaceful relations and non-military intervention. In Jeremi Suri’s Opt-Ed article, Trump is repeating the isolationism that led to the Great Depression and WWII, he argues that Donald Trump is followingRead MoreHistory Of Bretton Woods System And Jamaica1436 Words   |  6 PagesSYSTEM AND JAMAICA BRETTON WOODS SYSTEM The Bretton Woods System was formed as a result of the collapse of the Golden Standard and The Great Depression. These closely related events prompted the need to establish an international monetary system, whose main aim was to revive the economies of the Post World War as well as fostering international economic relations that would end inter-war conflicts. Furthermore this historic event took place in July 1944 in New Hampshire whereby forty four nationsRead MorePresident Franklin D. Roosevelt s New Deal1279 Words   |  6 PagesThe nation was in a state of crisis when Franklin D. Roosevelt took office in 1933. The Great Depression had caused severe unemployment (up to 90% in some cities!), business failures, and serious disruptions in international trade. It’s no understatement that Roosevelt had a lot of work to do to fix the nation and restore trust in the government! This is when FDR’s New Deal comes in. As an AP US History student, it is important for you to know what the New Deal is, but also why it is important.Read MoreArguments In The Melian Dialogue1379 Words   |  6 Pagesjust men fighting against unjust† (CCW 58). The Melians’ liberal viewpoint is reflected through a coexistence of politics, morality, religion, and the law. Liberals argue that â€Å"these other dimensions of human and state interaction help make the international environment more cooperative, less belligerent† (Unit 4 Background Information). The Athenians refuted this by claiming that â€Å"as far as the gods are concerned, we have no fear and no reason to fear that we shall be at a disadvantage† (CCW 58)

Immigration And The United States - 1570 Words

Immigration has been around since the early 20th century. Right now there are more than 11 million immigrants living in the United States. They come from all over the world but a lot of people think they all come from Central America or South America. They come to the United States looking for a better life than what they had back home. Most of them either come alone or they bring their families with them. If they are closer to the border, they might even try to cross the border illegally. They come through a coyote, a guy who helps them sneak in, and they have to cross a hot dessert. Not everyone survives the trip and most of them might even get caught and get deported back to their countries. Some of them come to the United States with a visitor visa and they just over stay their visa. Most people do not want illegal immigration in the United States and actually most of them do not want immigrants even if they come legally. They say that immigrants take jobs, government money, and they are criminals. What they really don’t know is what immigrants really do to help the economy, why they even come to the United Sates in the first place, and what deportation does to immigrants and the United States. The United States has many immigrants from around the world. Some of them come to the United States to get away from the corrupt government that their country has or some of them come to get religious freedom. Most of the immigrants come to get a good education either forShow MoreRelatedImmigration And The United States986 Words   |  4 PagesImmigration in the United States continues to increase rapidly year by year. According to an analysis of monthly Census Bureau data by the Center for Immigration Studies, the immigration population in the United States, both legal and illegal, hit a record of 42.1 million in the second quarter of this year, an increase of 1.7 million since the same quarter of 2014 (CIS.org). Clearly, Immigrants make up a large part of the population in the United States, and for most immigrants, migrating to theRead MoreImmigration Of The United States1399 Words   |  6 Pages Michelle Faed English 126 Immigration in the United States The United States of America, being a country established by immigrants, is known all over the world as the land of great opportunities. People from all walks of life travelled across the globe, taking a chance to find a better life for them and their family. Over the years, the population of immigrants has grown immensely, resulting in the currently controversial issue of illegal immigration. Illegal immigrants are the people whoRead MoreImmigration And The United States965 Words   |  4 Pages Immigration is a highly controversial and big problem in the United States today. â€Å"While some characterize our immigration crisis as solely an issue of the 11 to 12 million unauthorized immigrants living in this country, our problems extend beyond the number of undocumented people to a broader range of issues. The lack of a comprehensive federal solution has created a slew of lopsided, enforcement-only initiatives that have cost the country billions of dollars while failing to end un authorizedRead MoreImmigration On The United States1302 Words   |  6 PagesImmigration Rights in the U.S. Immigration has occurred in the U.S. for for many years. Some say it’s the foundation of our country. America is the country where people leave their own country to live. People would leave due to mistreatment, hunger issues or job opportunities. America is known for starting over or accomplishing dreams, so immigrants travel over to follow those dreams. People emigrate from one country to another for a variety of complex reasons. Some are forced to move, due to conflictRead MoreThe Immigration Of The United States1711 Words   |  7 PagesThe vast majority of people living in the United States are descendants of immigrants, and yet majority of them are against them. It is quickly forgotten that America was built on immigrants that wanted a new life. A life free from harsh government, and the freedom from forced religion. The original settlers were immigrants that stole this land; immigrants continued to come for years. It is not a newly constructed concept that immigrants have always been a problem, ask any Native American. 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Not all immigrants come to America legally whether as naturalized citizens, legal permanent residents

Family Members Making Care Decisions Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(105) " professionals are adult females, it is anticipated that the sample will dwell chiefly of adult females\." Every twelvemonth the United States spends more than $ 100 billion supplying attention for 1000000s of persons affected by signifiers of dementedness and for their informal caregivers.1 Assuming no alteration in the incidence of dementedness and its attention bringing, between 11 and 19 million people in the U.S. We will write a custom essay sample on Family Members Making Care Decisions Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now will hold dementia by the twelvemonth 2050 with projected one-year Medicare costs transcending one trillion dollars ( Family Caregiver Alliance, 2005 ) . It is estimated that 13 million to 15 million grownups in the United States have chronic conditions that impair mental map, such as Alzheimer ‘s disease, shot, Parkinson ‘s disease, and traumatic encephalon hurt. Despite the big figure of people necessitating hands-on aid, we know small about how households make determinations about in-home attention and nursing place attention. See the illustration of make up one’s minding whether to put a relation in a long-run attention installation ( Family Caregiver Alliance, 2000 ) . Dementia causes a high load of enduring for patients and their households. For patients, in add-on to cognitive and functional impairment, dementedness leads to behavioural and psychological complications, increased usage of ague and long-run wellness attention services, complicated clinical direction of other comorbid conditions, and increased hazard for medical complications such as craze, falls, motor vehicle clangs, incontinency, breaks, and infections. For household health professionals, dementedness can take to higher degrees of anxiousness, depression, usage of psychotropic medicines, and chronic weariness ( Boustani, 2007, p. 631 ) . Family members attention for about 75 % of these patients at place ( Dunkin A ; Anderson-Hanley ( 1998 ) . Given the patterned advance of this enfeebling status and engagement in attention, it is frequently the grownups household members who must do the complex determinations about attention for a mentally impaired parent as the parent progresses through the class of the dementedness. Making attention determinations for a mentally impaired older household member can ensue in emotional, physical, and fiscal hurt, which in bend create tenseness and struggle in the household ( Donelan, 2002 ) . In a qualitative survey of the experience of health professionals actively involved in puting an older grownup in a long-run attention installation upon discharge from ague attention, noted that health professionals normally described internal struggle before, during, and after doing a determination about arrangement ( Walsh, 2002 ) . Dementia is predicted to be one of the greatest world-wide disease burdens in the twenty-first century with one new instance happening every 7 seconds. Alzheimer disease ( AD ) , the commonest cause of dementedness is a progressive, degenerative disease of the encephalon is the most common signifier of mental damage ( Whitlatch, 2006 ) . Symptoms of Alzheimer ‘s disease by and large advancement in phases. Functional troubles worsen in badness and frequence over a class of eight to ten old ages, ensuing eventually in complete loss of memory, judgement, abstract idea and ability to command behaviour. At the terminal of this flight, the single becomes deaf-and-dumb person and bedridden and dies of the disease ( Sloan, 2008 ) . As the affected individual experiences a gradual loss of rational maps, judgement becomes impaired and the individual focuses on irrelevant concerns, as all ability for abstract logical thinking is lost. Recent memory is impaired, and there is a gradual loss of distant memory. The individual ‘s emotions become labile and frequently inappropriate, jumping between agitation and apathy. Speech forms are thin and insistent, and finally the individual loses the ability to hide mental jobs from household and others in their lives ( The Alzheimer ‘s Association, 2004 ) . Much of the research to day of the month about household decision-making sing attention has been dominated by premature classifications that fit ill with today ‘s complex intergenerational relationships and wellness attention environment. Since anterior research has excessively narrowed the model in which to analyze attention determinations for mentally impaired parents, it is clip to analyze the research paradigm in which we study this phenomenon. The comparative dearth of interpretative surveies in the country of determination devising for mentally impaired parents limit our apprehension of grownup offspring and their experience of doing attention determinations for this vulnerable population ( Nease, 1995 ) . The proposed research is intended to research and understand the experience of household members doing attention determinations for aged parents that have mental conditions. The information aggregation scheme is designed to be from the sources ‘ point of position and sensitive to the emerging concerns of the sources themselves. To carry through this, open-ended inquiries will be asked and carefully screened out any preconceived impressions of what the experience might be like for the participants. This enabled the research worker to understand the sources experience during the under survey. The deepness of understanding gained from this attack leads to effectual appraisal tools, comprehensive course of study for wellness attention suppliers, direct patient intercessions, and reconsideration of wellness attention policy, all of which are aimed at bettering household results. The research worker will come to grok the demands, feelings, values, beliefs the household members who ar e doing these complex determinations. The direction and analysis of informations was enhanced by usage of the package plan EZ-TEXT 3.06C which offered rapid hunt, retrieval and browse of all informations sections. Significant text phrases were coded and labeled ; transitions with similar labels were categorized and grouped into subjects. Demographic information ( age scope, instruction, work scene, figure of siblings, presence of a mentally integral parent, subject of dementedness of the receiver of the attention determination, length of clip since doing the attention determination ) was investigated to see if it informed the aims. The purposeful sample will dwell of household members who had made determinations about attention of a mentally impaired parent within the past twelvemonth. Approximately 20 sources will be recruited for this survey through Sacred Heart Home. Adults over 21 who identified themselves as holding primary duty for doing determinations about the attention of a cognitively impaired parent aged 65 or older, who could talk English, and who consented to take part were included in the survey. Since a bulk of health professionals are adult females, it is anticipated that the sample will dwell chiefly of adult females. You read "Family Members Making Care Decisions Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" Sacred Heart Home installation is a immense installation it is comprised of over 100 beds, caring for more than 200 aged patients yearly. Respondents were solicited on-site at the nursing centre with aid from don by personally passing out the paper petitions for engagement in the survey. An abstract of the survey and transcripts of consent signifiers will be made available to possible respondents who are willing to depict the experience of doing attention determinations for mentally impaired parents by the decision maker. The rights of participants will be assured in the account of the survey, a written consent signifier and confidentiality of single informations. Once respondents have been identified and has given permission to take part in the survey, each individual will be contacted by phone and explained the survey in a little more item. The interviews will dwell of open-ended inquiries designed to arouse specific histories of events and feelings produces informations that are closer to populate experience. Each respondent will be interviewed for about one hr at the installation site or by phone, whichever is more convenient for each single respondent. During this interview, the first inquiry will be: â€Å" I know you made a determination about attention for y our parent a short piece ago. State me about when you decided. † The 2nd inquiry will be designed to arouse an opposite emotional response from the tone of the answer to the first inquiry. For illustration, if the informat relates how disconcerting the determination was for them, so the inquiry will be asked what has reassured or comforted the respondent since doing a major determination about attention a mentally impaired parents. The 3rd inquiry will inquire about a typical twenty-four hours in the life of the respondent when some contact with or about the parent has been made. Active hearing and usage of non-directive techniques such as contemplation and restatement will advance treatment during the interviews. Since the end of this survey is to obtain a description that exactly captures the significance of the experience, this analysis is coincident with informations aggregation. Data aggregation will happen in two stages. During the first stage, the research worker will place cardinal features of the interaction while retaining informant individualism. The 2nd stage will include a thematic analysis during which the research worker underlines text phrases that stand entirely in intending. Questions asked when construing subjects will include the possible being of an implicit in procedure that household members go through when doing attention determinations for a mentally impaired parent. All important phrases will be labeled with probationary labels. These labels inform the behavior of the following interview by assisting the interviewer to research probationary togss during the following interview. This procedure is reiterative and consequences in greater specificity as more informations are collected. Data will be examined for factors that potentially affect the experience of doing the critical determinations for a parent. The direction and analysis informations will be enhanced by usage of the package plan EZ-TEXT 3.06C. This plan offers a powerful and intuitive environment for get bying with built-in complexness of undertakings and informations. Interviews, field notes, memos and determination will be collected and organized, EZ-TEXT 3.06C offers rapid hunt, retrieval and browse of all informations sections. One of import inquiry that has been studied by research workers is the impact of caregiving for dementedness sick persons versus non-dementia individuals. In a survey, which drew from more than 1500 household health professionals in the 1996 National Caregiver Study, it was found that household health professionals of relations who suffered dementedness were more likely to endure from health professional strain and mental and physical jobs than those who cared for a non-demented relation. Leisure clip and clip with other household members was reduced possibility lending to more household struggle. In addtion, dementedness health professionals experienced more complications with employment than nondementia health professionals ( Ory, Hoffman, Yee, Tennustedt A ; Schultz, 1999 ) . In contrast, another survey of differences in caregiving effects between dementedness health professionals and nondementia â€Å" non-caregivers † , found that when taken as whole, the sample of 52 health professionals and 66 non-caregivers did non differ in health professional strain. However, when within gender differences were compared, female health professionals suffered the most strain, which resulted in wellness jobs, household struggle, and strained relationships. Both female and male dementedness health professionals had less positive mentalities and more demand for societal support than their gender specific nondementia noncaregivers ( Ekwall, 2007 ) . Although this survey was conducted in Sweden, which means the consequences must be interpreted with cautiousness for generalisation to American health professionals, the sample came from a larger survey whose population was drawn from a representative sample of health professionals and noncaregivers. This is a distingu ishable advantage in a field where there are troubles obtaining representative samples. These apparently arbitrary results for dementedness health professionals are once more demonstrated in two surveies. In a annual longitudinal survey of 188 dementedness health professionals, nonsubjective and subjective primary emphasis predicted health professionals ‘ hazard of a depressive upset from those who remained at low hazard. Objective primary emphasis consisted of behavior jobs of the dementia household member ; subjective primary emphasis was defined as function imprisonment and overload. In another survey, 43 health professionals kept diaries for 14 yearss, noticing on their caregiving activities, daily temper, and riotous behaviours of the household member. Independent raters and bunch analysis showed that there are variable degrees of hurt among dementia health professionals ( Schubert, 2008 ) . The consequences of this survey, nevertheless, appear to be complicated by methodological jobs since the writers frequently intertwine both qualitative and quantitative n omenclature. Emotional rousing appears to be an of import contextual stimulation in health professionals ‘s ability to rate their ain wellness. One hundred and sixty eight grownup offspring were studied to find how a sense of self-coherence impacts hurt in health professionals of encephalon impaired parents. Interviews utilizing mensurable graduated tables of self-coherence, emotional rousing, perceived wellness and crisis were done at the beginning and terminal of six months. Consequences showed that crisis was positively correlated with emotional rousing and negatively correlated with self-coherence and perceived wellness. Perceived wellness was reciprocally related to emotional rousing despite the presence or absence of crisis ( Dunkin A ; Anderson-Haley, 1998 ) . The latter determination is of import since recent surveies seem to bespeak that the wellness of the health professional is a major variable in dementia patient arrangement Most standards proposed for doing determinations about degrees of attention are care receiver related symptoms such as impaired IADLs and ADLs. Caregiver features and health professional well-being, nevertheless, are stronger forecasters of arrangement determinations than attention receiving system attributes. These properties include perceived relationships with parents. Contrary to the myth of seniors in isolation, there is strong grounds that middle aged offspring and their aged parents remain close, and more than half talk by phone or in individual at least one time a hebdomad ( Deimling, 1992 ) . Womans frequently assume the function of kinkeeper and study more contact with parents than work forces do. The bulk of household health professionals are girls or daughters-in-law lovingness for an aged female parent. When divorce is taken into the equation, nevertheless, the bond between grownup offspring and parents seems to weaken. Weaker ties between kids and divorced parents raising concerns about future coevalss of aged parents. Disabled or frail divorced parents may non be able to number on personal and fiscal support from their kids ( Smerglia A ; Deimling, 1997 ) . Making determinations with and for an older individual is seldom a straightforward procedure. Unlike single, chiseled job work outing in a inactive environment, existent life jobs are frequently equivocal, high interest mystery, which are played out by many people in unsure, dynamic environments. Family deliberations about an older member ‘s attention, although by and large on-going, are frequently influenced by an emotionally charged heath attention crisis, which may take to determinations with negative effects. Research workers who began analyzing how people made determinations in their natural environment found that rational criterions and theoretical accounts of determination devising did non take into history the context in which the determination is made or the adaptative features of the determination shaper ( Gaugler, 2003 ) . Additionally, determinations become influenced by viing, altering ends and impacted by the effects of old actions and clip stressors Given the huge array of services now available for mentally impaired older grownups, determinations about attention are less structured than taking between two options, subjected to viing single and social ends, and made in unsure, dynamic environments. These surveies might non be turn toing the issues that are being experienced by this coevals of health professionals. When grownups make these complex attention determinations for their mentally impaired parents, their worldviews and stock of cognition complicate the environment. It seems appropriate, hence, to re-examine the procedure of doing determinations about the attention of a mentally impaired parent with peculiar accent on context and household discourse. The information collected in this survey is aimed toward understand what constitutes doing a attention determination for a mental impaired parents and bettering the opportunities that an effectual determination is made that will diminish emotional and fiscal costs to househo lds and society. Potential benefits could besides include the development of experimental educational and wellness policy intercessions that improve determinations and attention for mentally impaired parents. How to cite Family Members Making Care Decisions Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

U.S. Events In 1850S Essays - Slavery In The United States

U.S. Events In 1850'S In United States history, the events of the 1850's proved to be the staging ground for disastrous Civil War of 1861-1865. Two examples were the Fugitive Slave Act and the Kansas-Nebraska Act. These events greatly affected the country at the time and in the long run. Of all the bills that made up the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive Slave Act of 1854 was the most controversial. It required citizens to assist in the recovery of fugitive slaves. It denied a fugitive's right to a jury trial. The act called for changes in filing for a claim, making the process easier for slaveowners. Also, according to the act, there would be more federal officials responsible for enforcing the law. For slaves attempting to build lives in the North, the new law was disaster. Bounty hunters often brought back slaves for the money. Free blacks, as well as escaped slaves, were captured and sent to the South. With no legal right to plead their cases, they were completely defensless. Passage of the Fugitive Slave Act made Northern abolitionists all the more resolved to put an end to slavery. The Underground Railroad became more active, reaching its peak between 1850 and 1860. The act also brought the subject of slavery before the nation. Many who had previously been neutr al about slavery now took a definitive stance against the institution. Overall, the Fugitive Slave Act created yet another reason for secession from the South, and tested the survival of the Union to an enormous extent. Senator Douglas introduced the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854, which made Kansas and Nebraska an organized territory. The bill stated that slavery was prohibited north of the 36 degrees, 30 minutes latitude except in Missouri. The bill also stated that Kansas and Nebraska would determine to be free or slave by using popular sovereignty. The bill gave the railroads the right to build a railroad system from Chicago to the Pacific Coast. Many abolitionists settled in Kansas to vote against slavery. The debate was long and bitter in Congress, but president Franklin Pierce supported the bill and it became a law. Kansas and Nebraska became free choosing States. This put a great strain on the country's opposing sides, as many believed that this act went against the Missouri Compromise. Therefore, with the argument eventually being settled on one side, those who disagreed, particularly in the South, were left unsatisfied. This was one factor of many which would eventually cause civil war. When two sides have completely different views, especially within one country, it is impossible to compromise and make everyone happy. After the civil war it would be seen that these two acts were done away with. However, in the 1850's when times were different, these two events helped spark the flame of conflict which, when over, would lead to a solution. Social Issues Essays

KKK1 essays

KKK1 essays The Ku Klux Klan, or KKK as known today, was started in the spring of 1866. Six Confederate veterans formed a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee. This KKK only lasted a short six years, but left tactics and rituals that later started in generations. (Ingalls, 9) The Klan was a small group very much in secrecy at first. The exact date of the beginning is unknown. Despite all of the secrecy the six KKK members initiated new members to join their social club. (Ingalls, 9) A year after the creation of the KKK, the onetime social club joined the raising campaign against the Republican Reconstruction. The "new" direction of the Klan was well planned and organized. The Klan was now ready to expand to a bigger group. The Klan adopted a prescript. This was an organizational structure permitting the Klan to spread across the south. New members had to be over 18, pay $1, sworn to secrecy, recruits pledged to "protect the weak, the innocent, and the defenseless, from the indignities, wrongs, and outrages of the lawless, the violent, and the brutal." The highly centralized plan for expanding the KKK, spread so rapidly that most chapters operated alone. The founders of the KKK lost control, and it became impossible to talk about a single KKK. Yet Klan activities still followed a common pattern throughout the south. (Ingalls 11-12) The Klan now started to spread across Tennessee. At first the Klan used tricks to keep blacks "in their place". At first, the Klan would ride around on horses, and with their white robes, and white pointed masks, try to scare blacks. They would try to act like ghost with their white uniforms. Unfortunately, the Klan quickly moved to more violent pranks. (Ingalls, 12) The Klan would now suppress blacks. The Klan leaders proved unable to control their followers. Although the violence was often random, there was a method in the madness. The victims were almost always black or if white, associated with the hatred of ...

Biography of Marco Polo, Famous Explorer

Biography of Marco Polo, Famous Explorer Marco Polo was an inmate in the Genoese prison at the Palazzo di San Giorgio from 1296 to 1299, arrested for commanding a Venetian galley in a war against Genoa. While there, he told tales of his travels through Asia to his fellow prisoners and the guards alike, and his cellmate Rustichello da Pisa wrote them down. Once the two were released from prison, copies of the manuscript, titled The Travels of Marco Polo, captivated Europe. Polo told tales of fabulous Asian courts, black stones that would catch on fire (coal), and Chinese money made out of paper. Ever since people have debated the question: Did Marco Polo really go to China, and see all of the things he claims to have seen? Early Life Marco Polo was probably born in Venice, although there is no proof of his place of birth, around 1254 CE. His father Niccolo and uncle Maffeo were Venetian merchants who traded on the Silk Road; little Marcos father left for Asia before the child was born, and would return when the boy was a teenager. He may not have even realized that his wife was pregnant when he left. Thanks to enterprising merchants such as the Polo brothers, Venice flourished at this time as the major trading hub for imports from the fabulous oasis cities of Central Asia, India, and far-off, wondrous Cathay (China). With the exception of India, the whole expanse of Silk Road Asia was under the control of the Mongol Empire at this time. Genghis Khan had died, but his grandson Kublai Khan was Great Khan of the Mongols as well as the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China. Pope Alexander IV announced to Christian Europe in a 1260 papal bull that they faced wars of universal destruction wherewith the scourge of Heavens wrath in the hands of the inhuman Tartars [Europes name for the Mongols], erupting as it were from the secret confines of Hell, oppresses and crushes the earth. For men such as the Polos, however, the now stable and peaceful Mongol Empire was a source of wealth, rather than of hell-fire. Young Marco Goes to Asia When the elder Polos returned to Venice in 1269, they found that Niccolos wife had died and left behind a 15-year-old son named Marco. The boy must have been surprised to learn that he was not an orphan, as well. Two years later, the teenager, his father, and his uncle would embark eastward on another great journey. The Polos made their way to Acre, now in Israel, and then rode camels north to Hormuz, Persia. On their first visit to Kublai Khans court, the Khan had asked the Polo brothers to bring him oil from the Holy Sepulcher in Jerusalem, which Armenian Orthodox priests sold in that city, so the Polos went to the Holy City to buy the consecrated oil. Marcos travel account mentions various other interesting peoples along the way, including Kurds and Marsh Arabs in Iraq. Young Marco was put off by the Armenians, considering their Orthodox Christianity a heresy, puzzled by Nestorian Christianity, and even more alarmed by the Muslim Turks (or Saracens). He admired the beautiful Turkish carpets with the instincts of a merchant, however. The naive young traveler would have to learn to be open-minded about new peoples and their beliefs. On to China The Polos crossed into Persia, through Savah and the carpet-weaving center of Kerman. They had planned to sail to China via India but found that the ships available in Persia were too rickety to be trusted. Instead, they would join a trade caravan of two-humped Bactrian camels. Before they departed from Persia, however, the Polos passed by the Eagles Nest, scene of Hulagu Khans 1256 siege against the Assassins or Hashshashin. Marco Polos account, taken from local tales, may have vastly exaggerated the fanaticism of the Assassins. Nevertheless, he was very happy to descend the mountains and take the road toward Balkh, in northern Afghanistan, famed as the ancient home of Zoroaster or Zarathustra. One of the oldest cities on earth, Balkh did not live up to Marcos expectations, primarily because Genghis Khans army had done its best to erase the intransigent city from the face of the Earth. Nonetheless, Marco Polo came to admire Mongol culture, and to develop his own obsession with Central Asian horses (all of them descended from Alexander the Greats mount Bucephalus, as Marco tells it) and with falconry - two mainstays of Mongol life. He also began to pick up the Mongol language, which his father and uncle already could speak well. In order to get to the Mongolian heartlands and Kublai Khans court, however, the Polos had to cross the high Pamir Mountains. Marco encountered Buddhist monks with their saffron robes and shaved heads, which he found fascinating. Next, the Venetians traveled toward the great Silk Road oases of Kashgar and Khotan, entering the fearsome Taklamakan Desert of western China. For forty days, the Polos trudged across the burning landscape whose very name means you go in, but you dont come out. Finally, after three and a half years of hard travel and adventure, the Polos made it to the Mongol court in China. In Kublai Khans Court When he met Kublai Khan, the founder of the Yuan Dynasty, Marco Polo was just 20 years old. By this time he had become an enthusiastic admirer of the Mongol people, quite at odds with the opinion in most of the 13th century Europe. His Travels notes that They are those people who most in the world bear work and great hardship and are content with little food, and who are for this reason suited best to conquer cities, lands, and kingdoms. The Polos arrived in Kublai Khans summer capital, called Shangdu or Xanadu. Marco was overcome by the beauty of the place: The halls and rooms... are all gilded and wonderfully painted within with pictures and images of beasts and birds and trees and flowers... It is fortified like a castle in which are fountains and rivers of running water and very beautiful lawns and groves. All three of the Polo men went to Kublai Khans court and performed a kowtow, after which the Khan welcomed his old Venetian acquaintances. Niccolo Polo presented the Khan with the oil from Jerusalem. He also offered his son Marco to the Mongol lord as a servant. In the Khans Service Little did the Polos know that they would be forced to remain in Yuan China for seventeen years. They could not leave without Kublai Khans permission, and he enjoyed conversing with his pet Venetians. Marco, in particular, became a favorite of the Khans  and incurred a lot of jealousy from the Mongol courtiers. Kublai Khan was extremely curious about Catholicism, and the Polos believed at times that he might convert. The Khans mother had been a Nestorian Christian, so it was not so great a leap as it might have appeared. However, conversion to a western faith might have alienated many of the emperors subjects, so he toyed with the idea but never committed to it. Marco Polos descriptions of the wealth and splendor of the Yuan court, and of the size and organization of Chinese cities, struck his European audience as impossible to believe. For example, he loved the southern Chinese city of Hangzhou, which at that time had a population of about 1.5 million people. That is about 15 times the contemporary population of Venice, then one of Europes largest cities and European readers simply refused to give credence to this fact. Return by Sea By the time Kublai Khan reached the age of 75 in 1291, the Polos probably had just about given up hope that he would ever allow them to return home to Europe. He also seemed determined to live forever. Marco, his father, and his uncle finally got permission to leave the Great Khans court that year, so that they could serve as escorts of a 17-year-old Mongol princess who was being sent to Persia as a bride. The Polos took the sea route back, first boarding a ship to Sumatra, now in Indonesia, where they were marooned by changing monsoons for 5 months. Once the winds shifted, they went on to Ceylon (Sri Lanka), and then to India, where Marco was fascinated by Hindu cow-worship and mystical yogis, along with Jainism and its prohibition on harming even a single insect. From there, they voyaged on to the Arabian Peninsula, arriving back at Hormuz, where they delivered the princess to her waiting bridegroom. It took two years for them to make the trip from China back to Venice; thus, Marco Polo likely was just about to turn 40 when he returned to his home city. Life in Italy As imperial emissaries and savvy traders, the Polos returned to Venice in 1295 laden with exquisite goods. However, Venice was embroiled in a feud with Genoa over control of the very trade routes that had enriched the Polos. Thus it was that Marco found himself in command of a Venetian war galley, and then a prisoner of the Genoese. After his release from prison in 1299, Marco Polo returned to Venice and continued his work as a merchant. He never went traveling again, however, hiring others to make expeditions instead of taking on that task himself. Marco Polo also married the daughter of another successful trading family and had three daughters. In January of 1324, Marco Polo died at the age of about 69. In his will, he freed a Tartar slave who had served him since his return from China. Although the man had died, his story lived on, inspiring the imaginations and adventures of other Europeans. Christopher Columbus, for example, had a copy of Marco Polos Travels, which he notated heavily in the margins. Whether or not they believed his stories, the people of Europe certainly loved to hear about the fabulous Kublai Khan and his wondrous courts at Xanadu and Dadu (Beijing). Sources Bergreen, Laurence. Marco Polo: From Venice to Xanadu, New York: Random House Digital, 2007. â€Å"Marco Polo.† Biography.com, AE Networks Television, 15 Jan. 2019, www.biography.com/people/marco-polo-9443861. Polo, Marco. The Travels of Marco Polo, trans. William Marsden, Charleston, SC: Forgotten Books, 2010. Wood, Frances. Did Marco Polo Go to China?, Boulder, CO: Westview Books, 1998.

Decision- making case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Decision- making case study - Essay Example The Informed Decisions Toolbox (IDT) was developed to assist managers in efficient use of six key steps in evidence-informed decision making. These steps include: framing the management question, finding sources of information, assessing the accuracy of information, assessing the applicability of information, determining the actionability of the evidence and determining whether the information is adequate. The IDT allows managers to take control of the decision making process to enhance the performance of their organizations (Rundall et al., 2007). The issue arising due to the budget cut at Medicaid requires decision making based on careful consideration. Using information from â€Å"Informed Decisions Toolbox: Tools for Knowledge Transfer and Performance Improvement† we can determine which tools would be the most appropriate to use for decision making at Medicaid. The decision making process for Medicaid would begin with framing the question. Medicaid requires selection of the most optimum mix of medical services within the prescribed budget. For this we need to understand which services yield most benefit to the stakeholders including employees, regulatory agencies, patients and payers affected by our decision, and which services are most critical for our operations and which ones can be disposed of without having a tremendous impact on the organization and its stakeholders. This step would set the foundation based on which we can proceed towards seeking the best possible solution for the problem and yield maximum benefits for all concerned. This step would provide a clear definition of the issue and also highlight what information needs to be collected. The second step would require us to find appropriate sources of information. For the situation under discussion it would be beneficial to extract useful information from sources both external and internal. This stage would